\(x,y,z\ne0\)

-Ta c/m: -Với \(a+b+c=0\) thì: \(a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=0\)

\(a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)-3abc=\left(a+b+c\right)\left[\left(a+b\right)^2-\left(a+b\right)c+c^2\right]-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)=0.\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)=0\left(đpcm\right)\)

-Quay lại bài toán:

\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}=0\Rightarrow\dfrac{xy+yz+zx}{xyz}=0\Rightarrow xy+yz+zx=0\)

\(A=\dfrac{yz}{x^2}+\dfrac{zx}{y^2}+\dfrac{xy}{z^2}=\dfrac{y^3z^3+z^3x^3+x^3y^3}{x^2y^2z^2}=\dfrac{y^3z^3+z^3x^3+x^3y^3-3x^2y^2z^2+3x^2y^2z^2}{x^2y^2z^2}=\dfrac{\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\left[x^2y^2+y^2z^2+z^2x^2-xyz\left(x+y+z\right)\right]}{x^2y^2z^2}+3=\dfrac{0.\left[x^2y^2+y^2z^2+z^2x^2-xyz\left(x+y+z\right)\right]}{x^2y^2z^2}+3=3\)

 Trước hết, ta đi chứng minh một bổ đề sau: Nếu \(a+b+c=0\) thì \(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\). Thật vậy, ta phân tích 

 \(P=a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc\)

\(P=\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)-3abc\)

\(P=\left(a+b+c\right)\left[\left(a+b\right)^2+\left(a+b\right)c+c^2\right]-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)\)

\(P=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)\).

Hiển nhiên nếu \(a+b+c=0\) thì \(P=0\) hay \(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\), bổ đề được chứng minh.

Do \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}=0\) nên áp dụng bổ đề, ta được \(\dfrac{1}{x^3}+\dfrac{1}{y^3}+\dfrac{1}{z^3}=\dfrac{3}{xyz}\).

Vì vậy \(\dfrac{yz}{x^2}+\dfrac{zx}{y^2}+\dfrac{xy}{z^2}=\dfrac{xyz}{x^3}+\dfrac{xyz}{y^3}+\dfrac{xyz}{z^3}\) \(=xyz\left(\dfrac{1}{x^3}+\dfrac{1}{y^3}+\dfrac{1}{z^3}\right)\) \(=xyz.\dfrac{3}{xyz}=3\). Ta có đpcm

\(A=\dfrac{x^3+y^3+z^3}{xyz}=\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^3+z^3-3xy\left(x+y\right)}{xyz}\)

\(=\dfrac{\left(-z\right)^3+z^3-3xy\left(-z\right)}{xyz}=3\)

\(x+y+z=xyz\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{xy}+\dfrac{1}{yz}+\dfrac{1}{zx}=1\)

\(VT\le\dfrac{x}{2\sqrt{x^2yz}}+\dfrac{y}{2\sqrt{y^2zx}}+\dfrac{z}{2\sqrt{z^2xy}}\)

\(VT\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{xy}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{yz}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{zx}}\right)\le\dfrac{1}{2}\sqrt{3\left(\dfrac{1}{xy}+\dfrac{1}{yz}+\dfrac{1}{zx}\right)}=\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\sqrt{3}\)

\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}=0\Leftrightarrow xy+yz+zx=0\)

\(\Rightarrow yz=-xy-zx\Rightarrow\dfrac{yz}{x^2+2yz}=\dfrac{yz}{x^2+yz-xy-zx}=\dfrac{yz}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)}\)

Tương tự: \(\dfrac{xz}{y^2+2xz}=\dfrac{xz}{\left(y-x\right)\left(y-z\right)}\) ; \(\dfrac{xy}{z^2+2xy}=\dfrac{xy}{\left(x-z\right)\left(y-z\right)}\)

\(\Rightarrow A=\dfrac{-yz\left(y-z\right)-zx\left(z-x\right)-xy\left(x-y\right)}{\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(z-x\right)}=1\)

Không mất tính tổng quát, giả sử \(x\ge y\ge z\)

\(y^2-yz+z^2=y^2+\left(z-y\right)y\le y^2\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{y^2-yz+z^2}\ge\dfrac{1}{y^2}\)

Tương tự: \(\dfrac{1}{z^2-xz+x^2}\ge\dfrac{1}{x^2}\)

\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{1}{x^2-xy+y^2}+\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}=\dfrac{1}{x^2-xy+y^2}+\dfrac{x^2-xy+y^2}{x^2y^2}+\dfrac{1}{xy}\)

\(P\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{x^2-xy+y^2}{x^2y^2\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)}}+\dfrac{1}{xy}=\dfrac{3}{xy}\ge\dfrac{12}{\left(x+y\right)^2}\ge\dfrac{12}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}=3\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left(x;y;z\right)=\left(1;1;0\right)\) và hoán vị

Lời giải:

Ta có: \(xy+yz+xz=3xyz\Rightarrow \frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=3\)

Mà theo BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz: \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\geq \frac{9}{x+y+z}\)

Do đó: \(3\geq \frac{9}{x+y+z}\Rightarrow x+y+z\geq 3\)

-------

Ta có: \(\text{VT}=x-\frac{xz}{x^2+z}+y-\frac{xy}{y^2+x}+z-\frac{yz}{z^2+y}\)

\(=(x+y+z)-\left(\frac{xy}{y^2+x}+\frac{yz}{z^2+y}+\frac{xz}{x^2+z}\right)\)

\(\geq x+y+z-\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{xy}{\sqrt{xy^2}}+\frac{yz}{\sqrt{z^2y}}+\frac{xz}{\sqrt{x^2z}}\right)\) (AM-GM)

\(=x+y+z-\frac{1}{2}(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z})\)

Tiếp tục AM-GM: \(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}\leq \frac{x+1}{2}+\frac{y+1}{2}+\frac{z+1}{2}=\frac{x+y+z+3}{2}\)

Suy ra:

\(\text{VT}\geq x+y+z-\frac{1}{2}.\frac{x+y+z+3}{2}=\frac{3}{4}(x+y+z)-\frac{3}{4}\)

\(\geq \frac{9}{4}-\frac{3}{4}=\frac{3}{2}=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\)

Ta có đpcm

Dấu bằng xảy ra khi $x=y=z=1$

Do \(xyz\ne0\) ta có:

\(\dfrac{1}{xy}+\dfrac{1}{xz}+\dfrac{1}{yz}=0\Leftrightarrow xyz\left(\dfrac{1}{xy}+\dfrac{1}{xz}+\dfrac{1}{yz}\right)=0\Leftrightarrow x+y+z=0\)

Lại có: \(x^3+y^3+z^3=x^3+y^3+3x^2y+3y^2x-3xy\left(x+y\right)+z^3\)

\(=\left(x+y\right)^3+z^3-3xy\left(-z\right)=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\left(x+y\right)^2-\left(x+y\right)z+z^2\right)+3xyz=3xyz\)

Vậy nếu \(x+y+z=0\) thì \(x^3+y^3+z^3=3xyz\)

\(P=\dfrac{x^2}{yz}+\dfrac{y^2}{xz}+\dfrac{z^2}{xy}=\dfrac{x^3}{xyz}+\dfrac{y^3}{xyz}+\dfrac{z^3}{xyz}=\dfrac{x^3+y^3+z^3}{xyz}=\dfrac{3xyz}{xyz}=3\)